July 22Birthdays & History

On this day: July 22 in history

Oldest first. Tap a year to see it on the World Chronicle timeline.

1. 259Election of Pope Dionysius after the death of Pope Sixtus II in the persecutions of Emperor Valerian in the previous year.Europe
2. 838Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids.Europe
3. 1099First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Jerusalem.Middle East
4. 1209Massacre at Béziers: The first major military action of the Albigensian Crusade.Europe
5. 1227A coalition of north-east German towns, counts and princes defeats King Valdemar II of Denmark in the Battle of Bornhöved.Europe
6. 1298Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Falkirk: King Edward I of England and his longbowmen defeat William Wallace and his Scottish schiltrons outside the town of Falkirk.Europe
7. 1342St. Mary Magdalene's flood is the worst such event on record for central Europe.Europe
8. 1443Battle of St. Jakob an der Sihl in the Old Zürich War.Europe
9. 1456Ottoman wars in Europe: Siege of Belgrade: John Hunyadi, Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary, defeats Mehmet II of the Ottoman Empire.Middle EastEurope
10. 1484Battle of Lochmaben Fair: A 500-man raiding party led by Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany and James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas are defeated by Scots forces loyal to Albany's brother James III of Scotland; Douglas is captured.Europe
11. 1499Battle of Dornach: The Swiss decisively defeat the army of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.Europe
12. 1587Roanoke Colony: A second group of English settlers arrives on Roanoke Island off North Carolina to re-establish the deserted colony.EuropeNorth America
13. 1594The Dutch city of Groningen defended by the Spanish and besieged by a Dutch and English army under Maurice of Orange, capitulates.Europe
14. 1598William Shakespeare's play, The Merchant of Venice, is entered on the Stationers' Register. By decree of Queen Elizabeth, the Stationers' Register licensed printed works, giving the Crown tight control over all published material.Europe
15. 1686Albany, New York is formally chartered as a municipality by Governor Thomas Dongan.North America
16. 1706The Acts of Union 1707 are agreed upon by commissioners from the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, which, when passed by each country's Parliament, leads to the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain.Europe
17. 1793Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean becoming the first recorded human to complete a transcontinental crossing of North America.North America
18. 1796Surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company name an area in Ohio "Cleveland" after Gen. Moses Cleaveland, the superintendent of the surveying party.North America
19. 1797Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife: Battle between Spanish and British naval forces during the French Revolutionary Wars. During the Battle, Rear-Admiral Nelson is wounded in the arm and the arm had to be partially amputated.Europe
20. 1802Emperor Gia Long conquers Hanoi and unified Viet Nam, which had experienced centuries of feudal warfare.Asia
21. 1805Napoleonic Wars: War of the Third Coalition: Battle of Cape Finisterre: An inconclusive naval action is fought between a combined French and Spanish fleet under Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve of France and a British fleet under Admiral Robert Calder.Europe
22. 1812Napoleonic Wars: Peninsular War: Battle of Salamanca: British forces led by Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) defeat French troops near Salamanca, Spain.EuropeOceania
23. 1833The Slavery Abolition Act passes in the British House of Commons, initiating the gradual abolition of slavery in most parts of the British Empire.Europe
24. 1864American Civil War: In the Battle of Atlanta, Confederate General John Bell Hood leads an unsuccessful attack on Union troops under General William T. Sherman on Bald Hill outside Atlanta.North America
25. 1880Abdur Rahman is proclaimed emir of Afghanistan after having been accepted as ruler by the British.AsiaEurope
26. 1893Katharine Lee Bates writes "America the Beautiful" after admiring the view from the top of Pikes Peak near Colorado Springs, Colorado.North America
27. 1894The first ever motor race is held in France between the cities of Paris and Rouen. The fastest finisher was the Comte Jules-Albert de Dion, but the "official" victory was awarded to Albert Lemaître driving his three-horsepower petrol engined Peugeot.Europe
28. 1916Preparedness Day Bombing: In San Francisco, a bomb explodes on Market Street during a parade, killing ten and injuring 40.North America
29. 1921Rif War: The Spanish Army suffers its worst military defeat in modern times to the Berbers of the Rif region of Spanish Morocco.EuropeAfrica
30. 1933Aviator Wiley Post returns to Floyd Bennett Field in New York City, completing the first solo flight around the world in seven days, 18 hours and 49 minutes.North America
31. 1936Spanish Civil War: The Popular Executive Committee of Valencia takes power in the Valencian Community.Europe
32. 1937New Deal: The United States Senate votes down President Franklin D. Roosevelt's proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court of the United States.North America
33. 1942Grossaktion Warsaw: The systematic deportation of Jews from the Warsaw ghetto begins.Europe
34. 1942The United States government begins compulsory civilian gasoline rationing due to the wartime demands.North America
35. 1943World War II: Axis occupation forces violently disperse a massive protest in Athens, killing 22.Europe
36. 1943World War II: Allied forces capture Palermo during the Allied invasion of Sicily.Europe
37. 1944The Polish Committee of National Liberation publishes its manifesto, starting the period of Communist rule in Poland.Europe
38. 1946King David Hotel bombing: A Zionist underground organisation, the Irgun, bombs the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, site of the civil administration and military headquarters for Mandatory Palestine, resulting in 91 deaths.Middle East
39. 1951Soviet space dogs: Dezik and Tsygan were launched into a sub-orbital spaceflight from Kapustin Yar and became the first dogs to fly in space and the first to safely return.Europe
40. 1962Mariner program: Mariner 1 spacecraft flies erratically several minutes after launch and has to be destroyed.World
41. 1963Crown Colony of Sarawak gains self-governance.Asia
42. 1973Pan Am Flight 816 crashes after takeoff from Faa'a International Airport in Papeete, French Polynesia, killing 78.EuropeOceania
43. 1976Japan completes its last reparation to the Philippines for war crimes committed during imperial Japan's conquest of the country in the Second World War.AsiaAsia
44. 1977Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping is restored to power.Asia
45. 1981The first game of the 1981 South Africa rugby union tour of New Zealand and the United States is held in Gisborne, New Zealand.AfricaOceaniaNorth America
46. 1983Martial law in Poland is officially revoked.Europe
47. 1990Greg LeMond, an American road racing cyclist, wins his third Tour de France after leading the majority of the race. It was LeMond's second consecutive Tour de France victory.North AmericaEurope
48. 1992Near Medellín, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escapes from his luxury prison fearing extradition to the United States.Latin AmericaNorth America
49. 1993Great Flood of 1993: Levees near Kaskaskia, Illinois rupture, forcing the entire town to evacuate by barges operated by the Army Corps of Engineers.North America
50. 1997The second Blue Water Bridge opens between Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario.North America
51. 2003Iraq War: Members of 101st Airborne of the United States, aided by Special Forces, attack a compound in Iraq, killing Saddam Hussein's sons Uday and Qusay, along with Mustapha Hussein, Qusay's 14-year-old son, and a bodyguard.Middle EastNorth America
52. 2005Jean Charles de Menezes is killed by police as the hunt begins for the London Bombers responsible for the 7 July 2005 London bombings and the 21 July 2005 London bombings.Europe
53. 2011Norway attacks: A bomb explodes, targeted at government buildings in central Oslo, followed by a massacre at a youth camp on the island of Utøya.Europe
54. 2012Syrian civil war: The People's Protection Units (YPG) captured the cities of Serê Kaniyê and Dirbêsiyê, during clashes with pro-government forces in Al-Hasakah.Middle East
55. 2013Dingxi earthquakes: A series of earthquakes in Dingxi, China, kills at least 89 people and injures more than 500 others.Asia
56. 2019Chandrayaan-2, the second lunar exploration mission developed by Indian Space Research Organisation after Chandrayaan-1 is launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in a GSLV Mark III M1. It consists of a lunar orbiter, and also included the Vikram lander, and the Pragyan lunar rover.Asia

Source: Wikipedia "July 22" / CC BY-SA 4.0