WORLD HISTORY · 19TH CENTURY 日本語
Events of the 1830s1830–1839
What happened in the 1830s?
In the 1830s (1830–1839), the Industrial Revolution spread across Europe and the Americas, and France's July Revolution and Belgium's declaration of independence took place. Victoria became queen in Britain, Lin Zexu destroyed confiscated opium in Qing China, and Japan's Tenpo famine reached its full severity.
- Industrial Revolution spreads across Europe and AmericaEurope
- July Revolution erupts in FranceEurope
- Belgium declares independence from the NetherlandsEurope
- Tenpo famine intensifies in JapanAsia
- German states form a customs unionEurope
- Victoria becomes queen of BritainEurope
- Tokugawa Ieyoshi becomes 12th shogunAsia
- Lin Zexu destroys confiscated opiumAsia
Summaries are written by the site editors.
The 1830s in AP history courses
| AP World History | Unit 5–6 (Revolutions; Consequences of Industrialization) |
|---|---|
| AP U.S. History | Period 4 |
Events of the 1830s (timeline · 221)
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On a computer, each region has its own vertical line, so you can follow the flow of events and see what was happening in different parts of the world at the same time.
The London Protocol of 1830 establishes the full independence and sovereignty of Greece from the Ottoman Empire as the final result of the Greek War of Independence.
Church of Christ, the original church of the Latter Day Saint movement, is organized by Joseph Smith and others at either Fayette or Manchester, New York.
The Canterbury and Whitstable Railway is opened; it is the first steam-hauled passenger railway to issue season tickets and include a tunnel.
U.S. President Andrew Jackson signs the Indian Removal Act which denies Native Americans their land rights and forcibly relocates them.
Beginning of the Invasion of Algiers: Thirty-four thousand French soldiers land 27 kilometers west of Algiers, at Sidi Ferruch.
Beginning of the French colonization of Algeria: Thirty-four thousand French soldiers begin their invasion of Algiers, landing 27 kilometers west at Sidi Fredj.
William IV becomes king of Britain and Hanover following the death without surviving legitimate issue of his older brother George IV.
After inflicting a series of defeats on Algerian forces, the French army under the Comte de Bourmont captures Algier.
The General Assembly's Institution, now the Scottish Church College, one of the pioneering institutions that ushered the Bengali Renaissance, is founded by Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy, in Calcutta, India.
July Revolution: Charles X of France abdicates the throne in favor of his grandson Henri.
The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's new Tom Thumb steam locomotive races a horse-drawn car, presaging steam's role in U.S. railroads.
The Liverpool to Manchester railway line opens; British MP William Huskisson becomes the first widely reported railway passenger fatality when he is struck and killed by the locomotive Rocket.
The Belgian Revolution takes legal form when the provisional government secedes from the Netherlands.
Ras Marye of Yejju marches into Tigray and defeats and kills Dejazmach Sabagadis in the Battle of Debre Abbay.
The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, the first removal treaty in accordance with the Indian Removal Act, is proclaimed. The Choctaws in Mississippi cede land east of the river in exchange for payment and land in the West.
The French Foreign Legion is created by Louis Philippe, the King of France, from the foreign regiments of the Kingdom of France.
First documented bank heist in U.S. history, when burglars steal $245,000 (1831 values) from the City Bank (now Citibank) on Wall Street. Most of the money was recovered.
Soldiers marching on the Broughton Suspension Bridge in Manchester, England, cause it to collapse.
The steam locomotive Best Friend of Charleston causes the first boiler explosion caused by a steam locomotive.
Samuel Francis Smith writes "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" for the Boston, Massachusetts July 4 festivities.
Regulamentul Organic, a quasi-constitutional organic law, is adopted in Wallachia, one of the two Danubian Principalities that were to become the basis of Romania.
Seneca and Shawnee people agree to relinquish their land in western Ohio for 60,000 acres west of the Mississippi River.
Four hundred Shawnee people agree to relinquish their lands in Ohio in exchange for land west of the Mississippi River in the Treaty of Wapakoneta.
French intervention forces William I of the Netherlands to abandon his attempt to suppress the Belgian Revolution.
Nat Turner leads black slaves and free blacks in a rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia, which will claim the lives of 55 to 65 whites and about twice that number of blacks.
The Order of St. Gregory the Great is established by Pope Gregory XVI of the Vatican State to recognize high support for the Vatican or for the Pope, by a man or a woman, and not necessarily a Roman Catholic.
William IV and Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen are crowned King and Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
Nat Turner is arrested for leading the bloodiest slave rebellion in United States history.
The Great Jamaican Slave Revolt begins; up to 20% of Jamaica's slaves mobilize in an ultimately unsuccessful fight for freedom.
Charles Darwin embarks on his journey aboard HMS Beagle, during which he will begin to formulate his theory of evolution.
Black Hawk War: Around 300 United States 6th Infantry troops leave St. Louis, Missouri to fight the Sauk Native Americans.
Juan Godoy discovers the rich silver outcrops of Chañarcillo sparking the Chilean silver rush.
An Egyptian army under Ibrahim Pasha captures Acre from the Ottomans after a five-months siege.
The June Rebellion breaks out in Paris in an attempt to overthrow the monarchy of Louis Philippe.
Asian cholera reaches Quebec, brought by Irish immigrants, and kills about 6,000 people in Lower Canada.
Durham University established by Act of Parliament; the first recognized university to be founded in England since Cambridge over 600 years earlier.
An Egyptian army under Ibrahim Pascha defeats an Ottoman army under Mehmed Pascha in the battle of Hims.
U.S. President Andrew Jackson vetoes a bill that would re-charter the Second Bank of the United States.
The British Medical Association is founded as the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association by Sir Charles Hastings at a meeting in the Board Room of the Worcester Infirmary.
Signing of the treaty of Constantinople between Britain, France, Russia and the Ottoman Empire, which outlines the borders of the new kingdom of Greece.
An Egyptian army under Ibrahim Pascha defeats a larger Ottoman army in the battle of Belen Pass.
Black Hawk, leader of the Sauk tribe of Native Americans, surrenders to U.S. authorities, ending the Black Hawk War.
Texian political delegates convene at San Felipe de Austin to petition for changes in the governance of Mexican Texas.
South Carolina passes the Ordinance of Nullification, declaring that the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were null and void in the state, beginning the Nullification Crisis.
HMS Clio under the command of Captain Onslow arrives at Port Egmont under orders to take possession of the Falkland Islands.
Egyptian–Ottoman War: Egyptian forces decisively defeat Ottoman troops at the Battle of Konya.
John C. Calhoun becomes the first Vice President of the United States to resign. He resigned after being elected Senator from South Carolina.
Captain James Onslow, in the Clio, reasserts British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands.
United States President Andrew Jackson writes to Vice President elect Martin Van Buren expressing his opposition to South Carolina's defiance of federal authority in the Nullification Crisis.
The Convention of 1833, a political gathering of settlers in Mexican Texas to help draft a series of petitions to the Mexican government, begins in San Felipe de Austin.
A revolt broke out in southern Vietnam against Emperor Minh Mang, who had desecrated the deceased mandarin Le Van Duyet.
Lê Văn Khôi along with 27 soldiers stage a mutiny taking over the Phiên An citadel, developing into the Lê Văn Khôi revolt against Emperor Minh Mạng.
Admiral Charles Napier vanquishes the navy of the Portuguese usurper Dom Miguel at the third Battle of Cape St. Vincent.
Noongar Australian aboriginal warrior Yagan, wanted for the murder of white colonists in Western Australia, is killed.
The Slavery Abolition Act passes in the British House of Commons, initiating the gradual abolition of slavery in most parts of the British Empire.
The great 1833 Kathmandu–Bihar earthquake causes major damage in Nepal, northern India and Tibet, killing a total of 500 people.
The Slavery Abolition Act 1833 receives royal assent, making the purchase or ownership of slaves illegal in the British Empire with exceptions.
A massive undersea earthquake, estimated magnitude between 8.7 and 9.2, rocks Sumatra, producing a massive tsunami all along the Indonesian coast.
Most of Germany forms the Zollverein customs union, the first such union between sovereign states.
Six farm labourers from Tolpuddle, Dorset, England are sentenced to be transported to Australia for forming a trade union.
The Battle of Asseiceira is fought; it was the final and decisive engagement of the Liberal Wars in Portugal.
Minister of Justice Joaquim António de Aguiar issues a law seizing "all convents, monasteries, colleges, hospices and any other houses" from the Catholic religious orders in Portugal, earning him the nickname of "The Friar-Killer".
Slavery is abolished in the British Empire as the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 comes into force, although it remains legal in the possessions of the East India Company until the passage of the Indian Slavery Act, 1843.
Opening of the Dublin and Kingstown Railway, the first public railway on the island of Ireland.
Much of the ancient structure of the Palace of Westminster in London burns to the ground.
The Pinjarra massacre occurs in the Swan River Colony. An estimated 30 Noongar people are killed by British colonists.
Slavery is abolished in the Cape Colony in accordance with the Slavery Abolition Act 1833.
US President Andrew Jackson announces a celebratory dinner after having reduced the United States national debt to zero for the only time.
Slaves in Salvador da Bahia, Brazil, stage a revolt, which is instrumental in ending slavery there 50 years later.
In the first assassination attempt against a President of the United States, Richard Lawrence attempts to shoot president Andrew Jackson, but fails and is subdued by a crowd, including several congressmen as well as Jackson himself.
The original Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, in the Latter Day Saint movement, is formed in Kirtland, Ohio.
Elias Lönnrot signs and dates the foreword to the first version of the Kalevala, the so-called Old Kalevala.
James Bowman Lindsay demonstrates a constant electric light at a public meeting in Dundee, Scotland.
P. T. Barnum begins his career as a showman and circus entrepreneur by exhibiting Joice Heth, an octogenerian African slave whom he claims was George Washington's nursemaid.
The first Great Moon Hoax article is published in The New York Sun, announcing the discovery of life and civilization on the Moon.
HMS Beagle, with Charles Darwin aboard, reaches the Galápagos Islands. The ship lands at Chatham or San Cristobal, the easternmost of the archipelago.
Texas Revolution: Mexican troops attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.
The United Tribes of New Zealand are established with the signature of the Declaration of Independence.
The Texas Provincial Government authorizes the creation of a horse-mounted police force called the Texas Rangers (which is now the Texas Ranger Division of the Texas Department of Public Safety).
James Pratt and John Smith are hanged in London; they are the last two to be executed for sodomy in England.
The second Great Fire of New York destroys 53,000 square metres (13 acres) of New York City's Financial District.
Osceola leads his Seminole warriors in Florida into the Second Seminole War against the United States Army.
The Treaty of New Echota is signed, ceding all the lands of the Cherokee east of the Mississippi River to the United States.
Texas Revolution: The Siege of the Alamo (prelude to the Battle of the Alamo) begins in San Antonio, Texas.
A convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, to deliberate independence from Mexico.
Texas Revolution: The Declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico is adopted.
Samuel Colt establishes his first factory to produce the recently patented production-model revolver, the .34-caliber "Paterson".
Texas Revolution: Battle of the Alamo: After a thirteen-day siege by an army of over 1,800 Mexican troops, the 257 Texas volunteers, including frontiersman Davy Crockett and colonel Jim Bowie, defending the Alamo are killed and the fort is captured.
Texas Revolution: On the orders of General Antonio López de Santa Anna, the Mexican Army massacres 342 Texian Army POWs at Goliad, Texas.
Texas Revolution: The Battle of San Jacinto: Republic of Texas forces under Sam Houston defeat troops under Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna.
Texas Revolution: A day after the Battle of San Jacinto, forces under Texas General Sam Houston identify Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna among the captives of the battle when some of his fellow soldiers mistakenly give away his identity.
The formation of the London Working Men's Association gives rise to the Chartist Movement.
The Fly-fisher's Entomology is published by Alfred Ronalds. The book transformed the sport and went to many editions.
Narcissa Whitman, one of the first English-speaking white women to settle west of the Rocky Mountains, arrives at Walla Walla, Washington.
The Riograndense Republic is proclaimed by rebels after defeating Empire of Brazil's troops in the Battle of Seival, during the Ragamuffin War.
Louis Napoleon launches the unsuccessful Strasbourg Coup to overthrow the July Monarchy in France
The Toledo War unofficially ends as the "Frostbitten Convention" votes to accept Congress' terms for admitting Michigan as a U.S. state.
The U.S. Patent Office building in Washington, D.C., nearly burns to the ground, destroying all 9,957 patents issued by the federal government to that date, as well as 7,000 related patent models.
Spain recognizes the independence of Mexico with the signing of the Santa María–Calatrava Treaty.
Richard Johnson becomes the first and only Vice President of the United States chosen by the Senate.
The great fire in Surat, India causes more than 500 deaths and destruction of more than 9,000 houses.
Panic of 1837: New York City banks suspend the payment of specie, triggering a national banking crisis and an economic depression whose severity was not surpassed until the Great Depression.
The Broad Street Riot occurs in Boston, fueled by ethnic tensions between Yankees and Irish.
St. Joseph Mutiny: African soldiers in the 1st West India Regiment – led by former slave trader Daaga – launch a rebellion in the British colony of Trinidad in an attempt to escape to Africa.
A system of civil registration of births, marriages and deaths is established in England and Wales.
Grand Junction Railway, the world's first long-distance railway, opens between Birmingham and Liverpool.
The first commercial use of an electrical telegraph is successfully demonstrated in London by William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone.
Three African soldiers in the 1st West India Regiment – Daaga, Edward Coffin and Maurice Ogston – are executed for their role in the St. Joseph Mutiny in the British colony of Trinidad.
Tiffany & Co. (first named Tiffany & Young) is founded by Charles Lewis Tiffany and Teddy Young in New York City. The store is called a "stationery and fancy goods emporium".
Approximately 300 Muscogee die in the steamboat Monmouth disaster on the Trail of Tears in the United States.
In Alton, Illinois, abolitionist printer Elijah P. Lovejoy is shot dead by a mob while attempting to protect his printing shop from being destroyed a third time.
Mary Lyon founds Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, which later becomes Mount Holyoke College.
An earthquake in Valdivia, south-central Chile, causes a tsunami that leads to significant destruction along Japan's coast.
Canadian journalist and politician William Lyon Mackenzie calls for a rebellion against the United Kingdom in his essay "To the People of Upper Canada", published in his newspaper The Constitution.
The Battle of Montgomery's Tavern, the only battle of the Upper Canada Rebellion, takes place in Toronto, where the rebels are quickly defeated.
Second Seminole War: American general Zachary Taylor leads 1,100 troops against the Seminoles at the Battle of Lake Okeechobee.
Alfred Vail and colleagues demonstrate a telegraph system using dots and dashes (this is the forerunner of Morse code).
In the Weenen massacre, hundreds of Voortrekkers along the Blaukraans River, Natal are killed by Zulus.
Ralph Waldo Emerson delivers the Divinity School Address at Harvard Divinity School, discounting Biblical miracles and declaring Jesus a great man, but not God. The Protestant community reacts with outrage.
The Wilkes Expedition, which would explore the Puget Sound and Antarctica, weighs anchor at Hampton Roads.
Saint Andrew's Scots School, the oldest school of British origin in South America, is established.
Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs issues the Extermination Order, which orders all Mormons to leave the state or be killed.
The Times of India, the world's largest circulated English language daily broadsheet newspaper is founded as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce.
Great Trek: Battle of Blood River: Voortrekkers led by Andries Pretorius and Sarel Cilliers defeat Zulu impis, led by Dambuza (Nzobo) and Ndlela kaSompisi in what is today KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
The Night of the Big Wind, the most damaging storm in 300 years, sweeps across Ireland, damaging or destroying more than 20% of the houses in Dublin.
A massive earthquake destroys the former capital Inwa of the Konbaung dynasty, present-day Myanmar.
In Humen, China, Lin Zexu destroys 1.2 million kilograms of opium confiscated from British merchants, providing Britain with a casus belli to open hostilities, resulting in the First Opium War.
Henley Royal Regatta: the village of Henley-on-Thames, on the River Thames in Oxfordshire, stages its first regatta.
In the Kingdom of Hawaii, Kamehameha III issues the edict of toleration which gives Roman Catholics the freedom to worship in the Hawaiian Islands. The Hawaii Catholic Church and the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace are established as a result.
Cherokee leaders Major Ridge, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot are assassinated for signing the Treaty of New Echota, which had resulted in the Trail of Tears.
An Egyptian army under Ibrahim Pascha routs an Ottoman army under Hafiz Pasha in the battle of Nezib.
The first state normal school in the United States, the forerunner to today's Framingham State University, opens in Lexington, Massachusetts with three students.
The French government announces that Louis Daguerre's photographic process is a gift "free to the world".
The United Kingdom captures Hong Kong as a base as it prepares for the First Opium War with Qing China.
Battle of Kowloon: British vessels open fire on Chinese war junks enforcing a food sales embargo on the British community in China in the first armed conflict of the First Opium War.
Newport Rising: The last large-scale armed rebellion against authority in mainland Britain.
A cyclone slams into south-eastern India. An estimated 300,000 deaths resulted from the disaster.
Source: Wikipedia date pages ("January 1" … "December 31") / CC BY-SA 4.0. Regions are assigned by the site editors.
Dates and events are based on Wikipedia and other references. Summaries and regions are written by the site editors.