July 11Birthdays & History

On this day: July 11 in history

Oldest first. Tap a year to see it on the World Chronicle timeline.

1. 472Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is killed by troops of the Roman Gothic general Ricimer.Europe
2. 813Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abdicates in favor of his general Leo the Armenian, and becomes a monk (under the name Athanasius).Europe
3. 911Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy.Europe
4. 1174Baldwin IV, 13, becomes King of Jerusalem, with Raymond III of Tripoli as regent and William of Tyre as chancellor.Middle EastAfrica
5. 1276Election of pope Adrian V under the influence of Charles I of Anjou following the death of pope Gregory X earlier that year. Adrian V dies the following month.Europe
6. 1302Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch): A coalition around the Flemish cities defeats the king of France's royal army.Europe
7. 1346Charles IV, Count of Luxembourg and King of Bohemia, is elected King of the Romans.Europe
8. 1405Ming admiral Zheng He sets sail to explore the world for the first time.Asia
9. 1410Ottoman Interregnum: Süleyman Çelebi defeats his brother Musa Çelebi outside the Ottoman capital, Edirne.Middle East
10. 1476Giuliano della Rovere is appointed bishop of Coutances.Europe
11. 1576While exploring the North Atlantic Ocean in an attempt to find the Northwest Passage, Martin Frobisher sights Greenland, mistaking it for the hypothesized (but non-existent) island of "Frisland".North America
12. 1616Samuel de Champlain returns to Quebec.North America
13. 1708A coalition army of Dutch, English and German troops under the duke of Marlborough defeats a French army under the duke of Burgundy and the Marshal Vendome in the battle of Oudenarde.Europe
14. 1735Mathematical calculations suggest that it is on this day that dwarf planet Pluto moved inside the orbit of Neptune for the last time before 1979.World
15. 1789Jacques Necker is dismissed as France's Finance Minister sparking the Storming of the Bastille.Europe
16. 1796The United States takes possession of Detroit from Great Britain under terms of the Jay Treaty.North AmericaEurope
17. 1798The United States Marine Corps is re-established; they had been disbanded after the American Revolutionary War.North America
18. 1801French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons makes his first comet discovery. In the next 27 years he discovers another 36 comets, more than any other person in history.Europe
19. 1804A duel occurs in which the Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr mortally wounds former Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton.North America
20. 1833Noongar Australian aboriginal warrior Yagan, wanted for the murder of white colonists in Western Australia, is killed.Oceania
21. 1836The Fly-fisher's Entomology is published by Alfred Ronalds. The book transformed the sport and went to many editions.Europe
22. 1848Waterloo railway station in London opens.Europe
23. 1864American Civil War: Battle of Fort Stevens; Confederate forces attempt to invade Washington, D.C.North America
24. 1882The British Mediterranean Fleet begins the Bombardment of Alexandria in Egypt as part of the Anglo-Egyptian War.EuropeMiddle East
25. 1889Tijuana, Mexico, is founded.Latin America
26. 1893A revolution led by the liberal general and politician José Santos Zelaya takes over state power in Nicaragua.Latin America
27. 1893The first cultured pearl is obtained by Kōkichi Mikimoto.Asia
28. 1897Salomon August Andrée leaves Spitsbergen to attempt to reach the North Pole by balloon.Europe
29. 1899Fiat founded by Giovanni Agnelli in Turin, Italy.Europe
30. 1906Murder of Grace Brown by Chester Gillette in the United States, inspiration for Theodore Dreiser's An American Tragedy.North America
31. 1914Babe Ruth makes his debut in Major League Baseball.North America
32. 1914The US Navy launches the USS Nevada (BB-36) as its first standard-type battleship.North America
33. 1919The eight-hour day and free Sunday become law for workers in the Netherlands.Europe
34. 1920In the East Prussian plebiscite the local populace decides to remain with Weimar Germany.Europe
35. 1921A truce in the Irish War of Independence comes into effect.Europe
36. 1921The Red Army captures Mongolia from the White Army and establishes the Mongolian People's Republic.Asia
37. 1921Former president of the United States William Howard Taft is sworn in as 10th chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, becoming the only person ever to hold both offices.North America
38. 1922The Hollywood Bowl opens.North America
39. 1924Eric Liddell wins the gold medal in 400m at the 1924 Paris Olympics, after refusing to run in the heats for 100m, his favoured distance, on a Sunday.Europe
40. 1934Engelbert Zaschka of Germany flies his large human-powered aircraft, the Zaschka Human-Power Aircraft, about 20 meters at Berlin Tempelhof Airport without assisted take-off.Europe
41. 1936The Triborough Bridge in New York City is opened to traffic.North America
42. 1940World War II: Vichy France regime is formally established. Philippe Pétain becomes Chief of the French State.Europe
43. 1941The Northern Rhodesian Labour Party holds its first congress in Nkana.Africa
44. 1943Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army within the Reichskommissariat Ukraine (Volhynia) peak.Europe
45. 1943World War II: Allied invasion of Sicily: German and Italian troops launch a counter-attack on Allied forces in Sicily.Europe
46. 1947The Exodus 1947 heads to Palestine from France.Middle EastEurope
47. 1950Pakistan joins the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank.Asia
48. 1957Prince Karim Husseini Aga Khan IV inherits the office of Imamat as the 49th Imam of Shia Imami Ismai'li worldwide, after the death of Sir Sultan Mahommed Shah Aga Khan III.EuropeAsia
49. 1960To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is first published, in the United States.North America
50. 1960Congo Crisis: The State of Katanga breaks away from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.Africa
51. 1960France legislates for the independence of Dahomey (later Benin), Upper Volta (later Burkina Faso) and Niger.EuropeAfrica
52. 1962Project Apollo: At a press conference, NASA announces lunar orbit rendezvous as the means to land astronauts on the Moon, and return them to Earth.North America
53. 1962First transatlantic satellite television transmission.North AmericaEurope
54. 1971The nationalization of all large copper mines in Chile is completed.Latin America
55. 1972The first game of the World Chess Championship 1972 between challenger Bobby Fischer and defending champion Boris Spassky starts.Europe
56. 1973Varig Flight 820 crashes near Paris on approach to Orly Airport, killing 123 of the 134 on board. In response, the FAA bans smoking in airplane lavatories.Europe
57. 1977Martin Luther King Jr., assassinated in 1968, is posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.North America
58. 1978Los Alfaques disaster: A truck carrying liquid gas crashes and explodes at a coastal campsite in Tarragona, Spain, killing 216 tourists.Europe
59. 1979America's first space station, Skylab, is destroyed as it re-enters the Earth's atmosphere over the Indian Ocean.North America
60. 1982Italy defeats West Germany 3–1 to win the FIFA World Cup.Europe
61. 1983A TAME airline Boeing 737-200 crashes near Cuenca, Ecuador, killing all 119 passengers and crew on board.Latin America
62. 1990Oka Crisis: First Nations land dispute in Quebec begins.North America
63. 1991Nigeria Airways Flight 2120 crashes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, killing all 261 passengers and crew on board.AfricaMiddle East
64. 1995Yugoslav Wars: Srebrenica massacre begins, lasting until 22 July.Europe
65. 2006Mumbai train bombings: 209 people are killed in a series of bomb attacks in Mumbai, India.Asia
66. 2007The Siege of Lal Masjid in Islamabad, Pakistan, ends after the Pakistan Army storms the mosque which had been occupied by Islamist militants.Asia
67. 2010The Islamist militia group Al-Shabaab carries out multiple suicide bombings in Kampala, Uganda, killing 74 people and injuring 85 others.Africa
68. 2010In Johannesburg, Spain defeat the Netherlands 1–0 after extra time to win their first FIFA World Cup title.AfricaEurope
69. 2011Ninety-eight containers of explosives self-detonate killing 13 people in Zygi, Cyprus.Middle East
70. 2015Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán escapes from the maximum security Altiplano prison in Mexico, his second escape.Latin America
71. 2021Virgin Galactic launches its founder, Richard Branson, into space, the first company ever to do so.North America

Source: Wikipedia "July 11" / CC BY-SA 4.0