October 1Birthdays & History

On this day: October 1 in history

Oldest first. Tap a year to see it on the World Chronicle timeline.

1. 331 BCAlexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.Middle East
2. 366Pope Damasus I is consecrated.Europe
3. 959Edgar the Peaceful becomes king of all England, in succession to Eadwig.Europe
4. 965Pope John XIII is consecrated.Europe
5. 1553The coronation of Queen Mary I of England is held at Westminster Abbey.Europe
6. 1588The coronation of Shah Abbas I of Persia occurs.Middle East
7. 1730Ahmed III is forced to abdicate as the Ottoman sultan.Middle East
8. 1779The city of Tampere, Finland (belonging to Sweden at this time) is founded by King Gustav III of Sweden.Europe
9. 1787Russians under Alexander Suvorov defeat the Turks at Kinburn.Middle East
10. 1791First session of the French Legislative Assembly.Europe
11. 1795More than a year after the Battle of Sprimont, the Austrian Netherlands (present-day Belgium) are officially annexed by Revolutionary France.Europe
12. 1800Via the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso, Spain cedes Louisiana to France, which would sell the land to the United States thirty months later.EuropeNorth America
13. 1814The Congress of Vienna opens with the intention of redrawing Europe's political map after the defeat of Napoleon in the previous spring.North AmericaEurope
14. 1827Russo-Persian War: The Russian army under Ivan Paskevich storms Yerevan, ending a millennium of Muslim domination of Armenia.Middle EastEurope
15. 1829The South African College is founded in Cape Town, later separating into the University of Cape Town and the South African College Schools.Africa
16. 1832Texian political delegates convene at San Felipe de Austin to petition for changes in the governance of Mexican Texas.Latin AmericaNorth America
17. 1861Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management is published, going on to sell 60,000 copies in its first year and remaining in print until the present day.Europe
18. 1887Balochistan is conquered by the British Empire.Europe
19. 1890Yosemite National Park is established by the U.S. Congress.North America
20. 1891Stanford University opens its doors in California, United States.North America
21. 1898The Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration is founded under the name k.u.k. Exportakademie.Europe
22. 1903Baseball: The Boston Americans play the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first game of the modern World Series.North America
23. 1908Ford Model T automobiles are offered for sale at a price of US$825.North America
24. 1910A large bomb destroys the Los Angeles Times building, killing 21.North America
25. 1915The Metamorphosis written by Franz Kafka is published in the German journal Die Weißen BlätterEurope
26. 1918World War I: The Egyptian Expeditionary Force captures Damascus.Middle East
27. 1918Sayid Abdullah becomes the last Khan of Khiva.Asia
28. 1923Georges Carpentier knocked out former British heavyweight champion Joe Beckett a mere twenty seconds into the first round of their boxing match at Olympia in London.Europe
29. 1923The 1923 Imperial Conference opened in London.Europe
30. 1928Newark Liberty International Airport opens, becoming the first airport in the New York City metro area.North America
31. 1928The Soviet Union introduces its first five-year plan.Europe
32. 1931The George Washington Bridge in the United States is opened, linking New Jersey and New York.North America
33. 1931Clara Campoamor persuades the Constituent Cortes to enfranchise women in Spain's new constitution.Europe
34. 1936Spanish Civil War: The Central Committee of Antifascist Militias of Catalonia dissolves itself, handing control of Catalan defence militias over to the Generalitat.Europe
35. 1936Spanish Civil War: Francisco Franco is named head of the Nationalist government of Spain.Europe
36. 1938Pursuant to the Munich Agreement signed the day before, Nazi Germany begins the military occupation and annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland.Europe
37. 1939World War II: After a one-month siege, German troops occupy Warsaw.Europe
38. 1940The Pennsylvania Turnpike, often considered the first superhighway in the United States, opens to traffic.North America
39. 1942World War II: USS Grouper torpedoes Lisbon Maru, not knowing that she is carrying British prisoners of war from Hong Kong.EuropeAsia
40. 1943World War II: After the Four Days of Naples, Allied troops enter the city.Europe
41. 1946Nazi leaders are sentenced at the Nuremberg trials.Europe
42. 1946The Daegu October incident occurs in Allied-occupied Korea.Asia
43. 1947The North American F-86 Sabre flies for the first time.North America
44. 1949The People's Republic of China is established.Asia
45. 1953Andhra State is formed, consisting of a Telugu-speaking area carved out of India's Madras State.Asia
46. 1953A United States-South Korea mutual defense treaty is concluded in Washington, D.C.North AmericaAsia
47. 1955The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region is established.Asia
48. 1957The motto In God We Trust first appears on U.S. paper currency.North America
49. 1958The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics is replaced by NASA.North America
50. 1960Nigeria gains independence from the United Kingdom.AfricaEurope
51. 1961The United States Defense Intelligence Agency is formed, becoming the country's first centralized military intelligence organization.North America
52. 1961East and West Cameroon merge to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon.Africa
53. 1961The CTV Television Network, Canada's first private television network, is launched.North America
54. 1962James Meredith becomes the first African American student to enroll at the University of Mississippi.AfricaNorth America
55. 1963On its third anniversary as an independent nation, Nigeria became a republic.Africa
56. 1964The Free Speech Movement is launched on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley.North America
57. 1964Japanese Shinkansen ("bullet trains") begin high-speed rail service from Tokyo to Osaka.Asia
58. 1965At dawn, seven Indonesian Army officers and a police inspector were assassinated by the September 30 Movement at Lubang Buaya, East Jakarta. In addition, two more officers were killed in Yogyakarta. The Army pinned the murders to the Communist Party of Indonesia, resulting in mass killings of suspected leftists.Asia
59. 1966West Coast Airlines Flight 956 crashes with no survivors in Oregon. This accident marks the first loss of a DC-9.North America
60. 1968Guyana nationalizes the British Guiana Broadcasting Service, which would eventually become part of the National Communications Network, Guyana.Latin AmericaEurope
61. 1969Concorde breaks the sound barrier for the first time.Europe
62. 1971Walt Disney World opens near Orlando, Florida.North America
63. 1971The first practical CT scanner is used to diagnose a patient.Europe
64. 1975Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier in a boxing match in Manila, Philippines.Asia
65. 1978Tuvalu gains independence from the United Kingdom.OceaniaEurope
66. 1979The MTR, Hong Kong's rapid transit railway system, opens.Asia
67. 1979Pope John Paul II begins his first pastoral visit to the United States.EuropeNorth America
68. 1982Sony and Phillips launch the compact disc in Japan; on the same day, Sony releases the model CDP-101 compact disc player, the first player of its kind.Asia
69. 1982EPCOT Center (Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow) opens at Walt Disney World in Florida.North America
70. 1982Helmut Kohl replaces Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor of Germany through a constructive vote of no confidence.Europe
71. 1985Israel-Palestinian conflict: Israel attacks the Palestine Liberation Organization's Tunisia headquarters during Operation Wooden Leg.Middle EastAfrica
72. 1987The 5.9 Mw Whittier Narrows earthquake shakes the San Gabriel Valley with a Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), killing eight and injuring 200.North America
73. 1989Denmark introduces the world's first legal same-sex registered partnerships.Europe
74. 1991Croatian War of Independence: The Siege of Dubrovnik begins.Europe
75. 1994Palau enters a Compact of Free Association with the United States.OceaniaNorth America
76. 2000Israeli–Palestinian conflict: Palestinians protest the killing of 12-year-old Muhammad al-Durrah by Israeli police in northern Israel, beginning the "October 2000 events".Middle East
77. 20013G wireless technology first becomes available when it is adopted by Japanese telecommunications company NTT Docomo.Asia
78. 2001Militants attack the state legislature building in Kashmir, killing 38.Asia
79. 2003The popular and controversial English-language imageboard 4chan is launched.Europe
80. 2009The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom takes over the judicial functions of the House of Lords.Europe
81. 2012A ferry collision off the coast of Hong Kong kills 38 people and injures 102 others.Asia
82. 2014A double bombing of an elementary school in Homs, Syria kills over 50 people.Middle East
83. 2014A series of explosions at a gunpowder plant in Bulgaria completely destroys the factory, killing 15 people.Europe
84. 2015Heavy rains trigger a major landslide in Guatemala, killing 280 people.Latin America
85. 2015The American cargo vessel SS El Faro sinks with all of its 33 crew after steaming into the eyewall of Hurricane Joaquin.North America
86. 2015A gunman kills nine people at a community college in Oregon.North America
87. 2016The leader of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, Pedro Sánchez, resigns. He would return to the position a year later.Europe
88. 2017An independence referendum, later declared illegal by the Constitutional Court of Spain, takes place in Catalonia.Europe
89. 2017Sixty people are killed and 867 others injured in a mass shooting at a country music festival at the Las Vegas Strip in the United States; the gunman, Stephen Paddock, later commits suicide.North America
90. 2018The International Court of Justice rules that Chile is not obliged to negotiate access to the Pacific Ocean with Bolivia.Latin America
91. 2019Kuopio school stabbing: One dies and ten are injured when Joel Marin, armed with a sabre, attacks a school class at Savo Vocational College in Kuopio, Finland.Europe
92. 2021The 2020 World Expo in Dubai begins. Its opening was originally scheduled for 20 October 2020 but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Middle East
93. 2022One hundred and thirty-five are killed in a human crush following a football match at Kanjuruhan Stadium in East Java, Indonesia.Asia
94. 2024Israel invaded Southern Lebanon, marking the fifth Israeli invasion of Lebanon since 1978.Middle East

Source: Wikipedia "October 1" / CC BY-SA 4.0