The 20th century

WORLD HISTORY · TIMELINE 日本語

The 20th century1901–2000

9,729Events
10Decade pages
90Year pages
Pages for every era, every decade and every year from 1910 to 2026

What were the key events of the 20th century?

The 20th century (1901–2000) saw two world wars, the Russian Revolution and the Great Depression, and the breakup of the Soviet Union at the end of the Cold War. Japan fought the Russo-Japanese War, suffered the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and defeat, and then achieved rapid economic growth.

  1. Russo-Japanese War beginsAsia
  2. World War I beginsEurope
  3. Bolsheviks seize power in RussiaEurope
  4. Stock crash sets off the Great DepressionNorth America
  5. World War II beginsEurope
  6. Postwar Japan recovers and boomsAsia
  7. Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and NagasakiAsia
  8. Soviet Union dissolvesEurope

Summaries are written by the site editors.

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Decade by decade

The 20th century in AP history courses

AP World HistoryUnit 7 (Global Conflict), Unit 8 (Cold War and Decolonization), Unit 9 (Globalization)
AP U.S. HistoryPeriods 7–9

Key events of the 20th century (timeline · excerpt)

Tip: the PC view is best for studying

On a computer, each region has its own vertical line, so you can follow the flow of events and see what was happening in different parts of the world at the same time.

1900s

Jan 22, 1901Meiji 34

Queen Victoria dies

Europe

Sep 12, 1903Meiji 36

Japan's first city streetcar opens in Osaka

Asia

Feb 8, 1904Meiji 37

Russo-Japanese War begins

AsiaEurope

Jan 1, 1905Meiji 38

Natsume Soseki serializes I Am a Cat

Asia

Sep 26, 1905Meiji 38

Einstein publishes special relativity

Europe

Oct 30, 1905Meiji 38

Tsar signs the October Manifesto

Europe

Sep 11, 1906Meiji 39

Gandhi organizes nonviolent resistance

Africa

Aug 1, 1907Meiji 40

Korean Empire's army disbanded under new treaty

Asia

1910s

Aug 22, 1910Meiji 43

Japan–Korea annexation treaty signed 1910 ›

Asia

Oct 10, 1911Meiji 44

Xinhai Revolution begins 1911 ›

Asia

Jul 30, 1912Meiji 45 / Taisho 1

Emperor Meiji dies; Taisho era begins 1912 ›

Asia

Jul 28, 1914Taisho 3

World War I begins 1914 ›

Europe

Jan 18, 1915Taisho 4

Japan issues Twenty-One Demands to China 1915 ›

Asia

Nov 7, 1917Taisho 6

Bolsheviks seize power in Russia 1917 ›

AsiaEurope

Nov 7, 1917Taisho 6

October Revolution topples Russia's Provisional Government 1917 ›

AsiaEurope

Jul 22, 1918Taisho 7

Rice Riots erupt in Toyama 1918 ›

Asia

Nov 11, 1918Taisho 7

Armistice ends World War I 1918 ›

Europe

1920s

Jan 10, 1920Taisho 9

Versailles Treaty takes effect; League of Nations launched 1920 ›

Europe

Oct 28, 1922Taisho 11

Mussolini begins the March on Rome 1922 ›

Europe

Sep 1, 1923Taisho 12

Great Kanto Earthquake strikes 1923 ›

Asia

Mar 26, 1925Taisho 14

Japan passes General Election Law 1925 ›

Asia

Dec 25, 1926Taisho 15 / Showa 1

Emperor Taisho dies; Showa era begins 1926 ›

Asia

Lindbergh flies across the Atlantic to Paris 1927 ›

Europe

Northern Expedition ends; Nationalists unify China 1928 ›

Asia

Oct 24, 1929Showa 4

Stock crash sets off the Great Depression 1929 ›

AsiaNorth AmericaEurope

Oct 24, 1929Showa 4

Great Depression begins 1929 ›

AsiaNorth AmericaEurope

1930s

Gandhi begins the Salt March 1930 ›

Asia

Sep 18, 1931Showa 6

Manchurian Incident begins 1931 ›

Asia

Hitler appointed German chancellor 1933 ›

Europe

League of Nations adopts report against Japan 1933 ›

Asia

Feb 26, 1936Showa 11

Young army officers stage February 26 Incident 1936 ›

Asia

Jul 7, 1937Showa 12

Marco Polo Bridge Incident sparks full Sino-Japanese War 1937 ›

Asia

Mar 12, 1938Showa 13

Germany annexes Austria 1938 ›

Europe

Sep 1, 1939Showa 14

World War II begins 1939 ›

Europe

1940s

Jun 22, 1941Showa 16

Germany invades the Soviet Union 1941 ›

Europe

Dec 1, 1941Showa 16

Imperial conference decides on war with U.S., Britain 1941 ›

North AmericaEurope

Aug 6, 1945Showa 20

Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1945 ›

AsiaNorth America

Oct 24, 1945Showa 20

United Nations founded with 51 members 1945 ›

AsiaNorth AmericaEurope

Mar 12, 1947Showa 22

U.S. announces policy of containing communism 1947 ›

North America

May 3, 1947Showa 22

Constitution of Japan takes effect 1947 ›

Asia

Aug 15, 1947Showa 22

India and Pakistan gain independence through partition 1947 ›

AsiaEurope

Oct 1, 1949Showa 24

People's Republic of China proclaimed 1949 ›

Asia

1950s

Jun 25, 1950Showa 25

Korean War breaks out 1950 ›

Asia

Sep 8, 1951Showa 26

San Francisco Peace Treaty signed 1951 ›

North America

Feb 21, 1953Showa 28

DNA's double helix structure discovered 1953 ›

Europe

1955Showa 30

LDP–Socialist "1955 System" begins in Japan 1955 ›

Asia

Dec 18, 1956Showa 31

Japan joins the United Nations 1956 ›

Asia

Oct 4, 1957Showa 32

Soviet Union launches Sputnik 1 1957 ›

AsiaEurope

Jan 1, 1958Showa 33

European Economic Community founded 1958 ›

Europe

Jan 1, 1959Showa 34

Cuban Revolution succeeds 1959 ›

Latin America

1960s

1960Showa 35

17 African countries gain independence 1960 ›

EuropeAfrica

Jun 19, 1960Showa 35

New U.S.–Japan security treaty passes amid protests 1960 ›

AsiaNorth America

Aug 13, 1961Showa 36

Construction of the Berlin Wall begins 1961 ›

Europe

Oct 22, 1962Showa 37

U.S. announces naval blockade in Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 ›

North AmericaLatin America

Jul 2, 1964Showa 39

Civil Rights Act becomes law 1964 ›

North America

Oct 10, 1964Showa 39

Tokyo Olympics open 1964 ›

Asia

Feb 7, 1965Showa 40

U.S. begins bombing North Vietnam 1965 ›

AsiaNorth America

Jul 20, 1969Showa 44

Apollo 11 lands on the Moon 1969 ›

North America

1970s

Mar 14, 1970Showa 45

Expo '70 opens in Osaka 1970 ›

Asia

Aug 15, 1971Showa 46

U.S. suspends dollar–gold convertibility 1971 ›

North America

May 15, 1972Showa 47

Okinawa returned to Japan 1972 ›

AsiaNorth America

Sep 29, 1972Showa 47

Japan–China joint statement establishes ties 1972 ›

Asia

Oct 6, 1973Showa 48

Fourth Arab–Israeli War triggers oil crisis 1973 ›

Middle East

Apr 30, 1975Showa 50

Fall of Saigon ends the Vietnam War 1975 ›

Asia

Oct 6, 1976Showa 51

Gang of Four arrested; Cultural Revolution ends 1976 ›

Asia

Feb 11, 1979Showa 54

Revolutionary government takes power in Iran 1979 ›

Middle East

1980s

Jan 1, 1983Showa 58

ARPANET switches to IP 1983 ›

North America

Mar 11, 1985Showa 60

Gorbachev becomes Soviet leader 1985 ›

Europe

Sep 22, 1985Showa 60

Plaza Accord sends the yen soaring 1985 ›

AsiaNorth America

Apr 1, 1987Showa 62

National railways privatized as JR Group 1987 ›

Asia

Dec 8, 1987Showa 62

U.S. and USSR sign INF Treaty 1987 ›

North AmericaEurope

Jan 8, 1989Showa 64 / Heisei 1

Emperor Showa dies; Heisei era begins 1989 ›

Asia

Jun 5, 1989Showa 64 / Heisei 1

Tiananmen Square crackdown in China 1989 ›

Asia

Nov 9, 1989Showa 64 / Heisei 1

Berlin Wall opens 1989 ›

Europe

1990s

Aug 2, 1990Heisei 2

Iraq invades Kuwait 1990 ›

Middle East

Dec 25, 1991Heisei 3

Soviet Union dissolves 1991 ›

AsiaEurope

Aug 9, 1993Heisei 5

Hosokawa coalition ends Japan's 1955 System 1993 ›

Asia

Nov 1, 1993Heisei 5

European Union launched 1993 ›

Europe

Apr 27, 1994Heisei 6

South Africa holds first all-race election 1994 ›

Africa

Jan 17, 1995Heisei 7

Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake strikes 1995 ›

Asia

Mar 20, 1995Heisei 7

Sarin gas attack on Tokyo subway 1995 ›

Asia

Jul 1, 1997Heisei 9

Hong Kong returned to China 1997 ›

Asia

EventNameFamous birthEvent in more than one region

Source: Wikipedia date pages ("January 1" … "December 31") / CC BY-SA 4.0. Regions are assigned by the site editors.

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Dates and events are based on Wikipedia and other references. Summaries and regions are written by the site editors.

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