WORLD HISTORY · 19TH CENTURY 日本語
Events of the 1870s1870–1879
What happened in the 1870s?
In the 1870s (1870–1879), the German Empire was founded and the Kingdom of Italy occupied Rome, while the great powers pressed ahead with colonization. Japan adopted the solar calendar, the Risshisha political society was formed, the Japan–Korea Treaty of Amity was signed, and the Satsuma Rebellion broke out.
- Great powers colonize Asia and AfricaEurope
- Kingdom of Italy occupies RomeEurope
- Wilhelm I's accession founds the German EmpireEurope
- Japan adopts the solar calendarAsia
- Itagaki Taisuke and others form Risshisha in KochiAsia
- Japan and Korea sign Treaty of AmityAsia
- Saigo's army leaves Kagoshima in Satsuma RebellionAsia
- Romania declares independence from Ottoman EmpireEurope
Summaries are written by the site editors.
The 1870s in AP history courses
| AP World History | Unit 5–6 (Revolutions; Consequences of Industrialization) |
|---|---|
| AP U.S. History | Periods 5–6 |
Events of the 1870s (timeline · 292)
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Thomas Nast publishes a political cartoon symbolizing the Democratic Party with a donkey ("A Live Jackass Kicking a Dead Lion") for Harper's Weekly.
In Montana, U.S. cavalrymen kill 173 Native Americans, mostly women and children, in what becomes known as the Marias Massacre.
The Seven Brothers (Seitsemän veljestä), a novel by Finnish author Aleksis Kivi, is published first time in several thin booklets.
The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing voting rights to male citizens regardless of race.
US president Ulysses S. Grant signs a joint resolution of Congress establishing the U.S. Weather Bureau.
Stevens Institute of Technology is founded in New Jersey, US, and offers the first Bachelor of Engineering degree in mechanical engineering.
Reconstruction Era: Post-U.S. Civil War military control of Mississippi ends and it is readmitted to the Union.
Hiram Rhodes Revels, a Republican from Mississippi, is sworn into the United States Senate, becoming the first African American ever to sit in Congress.
The Beach Pneumatic Transit in New York City, intended as a demonstration for a subway line, opens.
The current flag of Japan is first adopted as the national flag for Japanese merchant ships.
Marshal F. S. López dies during the Battle of Cerro Corá thus marking the end of the Paraguayan War.
A Chilean prospecting party led by José Díaz Gana discovers the silver ores of Caracoles in the Bolivian portion of Atacama Desert, leading to the last of the Chilean silver rushes and a diplomatic dispute over its taxation between Chile and Bolivia.
The Manitoba Act is given the Royal Assent, paving the way for Manitoba to become a province of Canada on July 15.
The first game of rugby in New Zealand is played in Nelson between Nelson College and the Nelson Rugby Football Club.
The US Congress establishes the first federal holidays (New Year Day, July 4th, Thanksgiving, and Christmas).
Canadian Confederation: Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory are transferred to Canada from the Hudson's Bay Company, and the province of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories are established from these vast territories.
Reconstruction Era of the United States: Georgia becomes the last of the former Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union.
Tower Subway, the world's first underground tube railway, opens in London, England, United Kingdom.
Franco-Prussian War: The Battle of Spicheren is fought, resulting in a German victory.
The Republic of Ploiești, a failed Radical-Liberal rising against Domnitor Carol of Romania.
Franco-Prussian War: The Battle of Mars-la-Tour is fought, resulting in a Prussian victory.
Franco-Prussian War: The Battle of Sedan is fought, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory.
Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Sedan: Prussian forces take Napoleon III of France and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner.
Franco-Prussian War: The Siege of Metz begins, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory on October 23.
Louisa Ann Swain of Laramie, Wyoming becomes the first woman in the United States to cast a vote legally after 1807.
During an expedition to the Wyoming Territory, Henry D. Washburn observes and names the Old Faithful Geyser.
Franco-Prussian War: The siege of Paris begins. The city held out for over four months before surrendering.
The Bersaglieri corps enter Rome through the Porta Pia, and complete the unification of Italy.
By plebiscite, the citizens of the Papal States accept annexation by the Kingdom of Italy.
Franco-Prussian War: Léon Gambetta escapes the siege of Paris in a hot-air balloon.
Franco-Prussian War: Marshal Bazaine surrenders to Prussian forces at the conclusion of the Siege of Metz along with 140,000 French soldiers.
In the United States, the Weather Bureau (later renamed the National Weather Service) makes its first official meteorological forecast.
The Battle of Coulmiers ends in a Pyrrhic victory for the French army during the Franco-German War of 1870.
In the Battle of Bapaume, an engagement in the Franco-Prussian War, General Louis Faidherbe's forces bring about a Prussian retreat.
Wilhelm I of Germany is proclaimed Kaiser Wilhelm in the Hall of Mirrors of the Palace of Versailles (France) towards the end of the Franco-Prussian War. Wilhelm already had the title of German Emperor since the constitution of 1 January 1871, but he had hesitated to accept the title.
Franco-Prussian War: In the Siege of Paris, Prussia wins the Battle of St. Quentin. Meanwhile, the French attempt to break the siege in the Battle of Buzenval will end unsuccessfully the following day.
The victorious Prussian Army parades through Paris, France, after the end of the Siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War.
Declaration of the Paris Commune; President of the French Republic, Adolphe Thiers, orders the evacuation of Paris.
Journalist Henry Morton Stanley begins his trek to find the missionary and explorer David Livingstone.
In North Carolina, William Woods Holden becomes the first governor of a U.S. state to be removed from office by impeachment.
The first international rugby football match, when Scotland defeats England in Edinburgh at Raeburn Place.
Funeral of Prince Alexander John of Wales at St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham.
The National Association, the first professional baseball league, opens its first season in Fort Wayne, Indiana.
French troops invade the Paris Commune and engage its residents in street fighting. By the close of "Bloody Week", some 20,000 communards have been killed and 38,000 arrested.
Sinmiyangyo: Captain McLane Tilton leads 109 US Marines in a naval attack on Han River forts on Kanghwa Island, Korea.
The Universities Tests Act 1871 allows students to enter the universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Durham without religious tests (except for those intending to study theology).
The Connecticut Valley Railroad opens between Old Saybrook, Connecticut and Hartford, Connecticut in the United States.
Emperor Meiji orders the abolition of the han system and the establishment of prefectures as local centers of administration. (Traditional Japanese date: July 14, 1871).
Bishop John Coleridge Patteson, first bishop of Melanesia, is martyred on Nukapu, now in the Solomon Islands.
The Brazilian Parliament passes a law that frees all children thereafter born to slaves, and all government-owned slaves.
Slash-and-burn land management, months of drought, and the passage of a strong cold front cause the Peshtigo Fire, the Great Chicago Fire and the Great Michigan Fires to break out.
The British in India enact the Criminal Tribes Act, naming many local communities "Criminal Tribes".
Henry Morton Stanley locates missing explorer and missionary, David Livingstone in Ujiji, near Lake Tanganyika, famously greeting him with the words, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?"
The National Rifle Association of America receives its charter from New York State.
Sixteen-year-old telegraphist Ella Stewart keys and sends the first telegraphed message from Arizona Territory at the Deseret Telegraph Company office in Pipe Spring.
Yohannes IV is crowned Emperor of Ethiopia in Axum, the first imperial coronation in that city in over 200 years.
First issue of the Bulletin de la Fédération jurassienne, the first or one of the first anarchist newspapers.
The Prohibition Party holds its first national convention in Columbus, Ohio, nominating James Black as its presidential nominee.
Construction of the Seven Sisters Colliery, South Wales, begins; it is located on one of the richest coal sources in Britain.
The Wanderers F.C. win the first FA Cup, the oldest football competition in the world, beating Royal Engineers A.F.C. 1–0 at The Oval in Kennington, London.
Victoria Woodhull becomes the first woman nominated for President of the United States.
Reconstruction Era: President Ulysses S. Grant signs the Amnesty Act into law, restoring full civil and political rights to all but about 500 Confederate sympathizers.
The Ballot Act 1872 in the United Kingdom introduced the requirement that parliamentary and local government elections be held by secret ballot.
Women's suffrage in the United States: In defiance of the law, suffragist Susan B. Anthony votes for the first time, and is later fined $100.
Susan B. Anthony and 14 other women are arrested for voting illegally in the United States presidential election of 1872.
The first-ever international football match takes place at Hamilton Crescent, Glasgow, between Scotland and England.
The American brigantine Mary Celeste is discovered drifting in the Atlantic. Her crew is never found.
In Louisiana, P. B. S. Pinchback becomes the first African American governor of a U.S. state following the impeachment of Henry C. Warmoth.
Challenger expedition: HMS Challenger, commanded by Captain George Nares, sails from Portsmouth, England.
A group of Modoc warriors defeats the United States Army in the First Battle of the Stronghold, part of the Modoc War.
King Amadeo I of Spain abdicates, triggering the proclamation of the First Spanish Republic.
Bulgarian revolutionary leader Vasil Levski is executed by hanging in Sofia by the Ottoman authorities.
Censorship in the United States: The U.S. Congress enacts the Comstock Law, making it illegal to send any "obscene literature and articles of immoral use" through the mail.
The first Azerbaijani play, The Adventures of the Vizier of the Khan of Lenkaran, prepared by Akhundov, is performed by Hassan-bey Zardabi and dramatist and Najaf-bey Vezirov.
The White Star steamer SS Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia, killing 547 in one of the worst marine disasters of the 19th century.
The Colfax massacre: More than 60 to 150 black men are murdered in Colfax, Louisiana, while surrendering to a mob of former Confederate soldiers and members of the Ku Klux Klan.
Der Krach: The Vienna stock exchange crash begins the Panic of 1873 and heralds the Long Depression.
Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis receive a U.S. patent for blue jeans with copper rivets.
The Canadian Parliament establishes the North-West Mounted Police, the forerunner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
Patrick Francis Healy becomes the first black president of a predominantly white university in the United States.
Sultan Barghash bin Said of Zanzibar closes the great slave market under the terms of a treaty with Great Britain.
Russian forces under General von Kaufmann capture the city of Khiva from the Khanate of Khiva.
Susan B. Anthony is fined $100 for attempting to vote in the 1872 presidential election.
At Adair, Iowa, Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the American Old West.
The Clay Street Hill Railroad begins operating the first cable car in San Francisco's famous cable car system.
American Indian Wars: While protecting a railroad survey party in Montana, the United States 7th Cavalry, under Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer clashes for the first time with the Cheyenne and Lakota people near the Tongue River; only one man on each side is killed.
Austrian explorers Julius von Payer and Karl Weyprecht discover the archipelago of Franz Josef Land in the Arctic Sea.
Cetshwayo ascends to the throne as king of the Zulu nation following the death of his father Mpande.
Franco-Prussian War: The last Imperial German Army troops leave France upon completion of payment of indemnity.
The U.S. bank Jay Cooke & Company declares bankruptcy, contributing to the Panic of 1873.
Chief Kintpuash and companions are hanged for their part in the Modoc War of northern California.
Garnier Expedition: French forces under Lieutenant Francis Garnier captured Hanoi from the Vietnamese.
The French steamer SS Ville du Havre sinks in 12 minutes after colliding with the Scottish iron clipper Loch Earn in the Atlantic, with a loss of 226 lives.
The Treaty of Pangkor is signed between the British and Sultan Abdullah of Perak, paving the way for further British colonization of Malaya.
Modest Mussorgsky's opera Boris Godunov premieres in Mariinsky Theatre in St.Petersburg.
France and Vietnam sign the Second Treaty of Saigon, further recognizing the full sovereignty of France over Cochinchina.
A flood on the Mill River in Massachusetts destroys much of four villages and kills 139 people.
Verdi's Requiem is first performed at San Marco in Milan on the first anniversary of Alessandro Manzoni's death.
The first group of Dorsland trekkers under the leadership of Gert Alberts leaves Pretoria.
Greek politician Charilaos Trikoupis publishes a manifesto in the Athens daily Kairoi entitled "Who's to Blame?" leveling complaints against King George. Trikoupis is elected Prime Minister of Greece the next year.
The Sholes and Glidden typewriter, the first commercially successful typewriter, goes on sale.
The Chicago Fire of 1874 burns down 47 acres of the city, destroying 812 buildings, killing 20, and resulting in the fire insurance industry demanding municipal reforms from Chicago's city council.
Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos is appointed the Archbishop of the Portuguese colonial enclave of Goa, India.
Patrick Francis Healy becomes the first African-American inaugurated as president of a predominantly white university, Georgetown University.
Japan launches its postal savings system, modeled after a similar system in the United Kingdom.
A cartoon by Thomas Nast in Harper's Weekly, is considered the first important use of an elephant as a symbol for the United States Republican Party.
The United States Greenback Party is established as a political party consisting primarily of farmers affected by the Panic of 1873.
The military coup of Gen. Martinez Campos in Sagunto ends the failed First Spanish Republic and the monarchy is restored as Prince Alfonso is proclaimed King of Spain.
The Palais Garnier, one of the most famous opera houses in the world, is inaugurated in Paris.
The SS Gothenburg hits the Great Barrier Reef and sinks off the Australian east coast, killing approximately 100, including a number of high-profile civil servants and dignitaries.
Guangxu Emperor of Qing dynasty China begins his reign, under Empress Dowager Cixi's regency.
Archbishop of New York John McCloskey is named the first cardinal in the United States.
Signing of the Metre Convention by 17 nations leading to the establishment of the International System of Units.
The Herzegovina Uprising against Ottoman rule begins, which would last until 1878 and have far-reaching implications throughout the Balkans.
The Treaty of Saint Petersburg between Japan and Russia is ratified, providing for the exchange of Sakhalin for the Kuril Islands.
Captain Matthew Webb becomes the first person to swim across the English Channel, traveling from Dover, England, to Calais, France, in 21 hours and 45 minutes.
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 in B♭ minor, Op. 23 premieres in Boston, Massachusetts, with Benjamin Johnson Lang as conductor and Hans von Bülow as soloist.
Notorious New York City politician Boss Tweed escapes from prison; he is later recaptured in Spain.
The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs of Major League Baseball is formed.
Alexander Graham Bell applies for a patent for the telephone, as does Elisha Gray.
The stage première of Peer Gynt, a play by Henrik Ibsen with incidental music by Edvard Grieg, takes place in Christiania (Oslo), Norway.
Japan and Korea sign the Treaty of Kangwha, which grants Japanese citizens extraterritoriality rights in Korea, opens three Korean ports to Japanese trade, and ends Korea's status as a tributary state of Qing dynasty China.
Alexander Graham Bell is granted a patent for an invention he calls the "telephone".
Catalpa rescue: The rescue of six Fenian prisoners from Fremantle Prison in Western Australia.
The April Uprising begins. Its suppression shocks European opinion, and Bulgarian independence becomes a condition for ending the Russo-Turkish War.
The first National League baseball game is played at the Jefferson Street Grounds in Philadelphia.
The secret decree of Ems Ukaz is issued by Russian Tsar Alexander II in the German city of Bad Ems, aimed at stopping the printing and distribution of Ukrainian-language publications in the Russian Empire.
An express train called the Transcontinental Express arrives in San Francisco via the first transcontinental railroad, 83 hours and 39 minutes after leaving New York City.
American Indian Wars: Battle of the Rosebud: One thousand five hundred Sioux and Cheyenne led by Crazy Horse beat back General George Crook's forces at Rosebud Creek in Montana Territory.
American Indian Wars: Battle of the Little Bighorn: 300 men of the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment under Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer are wiped out by 5,000 Lakota, Cheyenne and Arapaho, led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse.
Serbia declares war on the Ottoman Empire, leading to the Serbian Wars for Independence.
The Hamburg massacre prior to the 1876 United States presidential election results in the deaths of six African-Americans of the Republican Party, along with one white assailant.
A performance of Wagner's Das Rheingold opens the first Ring cycle at the first Bayreuth Festival.
Richard Wagner's Siegfried, the penultimate opera in his Ring cycle, is premiered at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus.
Richard Wagner's Götterdämmerung, the last opera in his Ring cycle, premieres at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus.
In Northfield, Minnesota, Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang attempt to rob the town's bank but are driven off by armed citizens.
The Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas (now known as Texas A&M) opens as the first public college in Texas.
Shinpūren rebellion: Upset at the Westernisation of Meiji Japan and the abolition of the Tokugawa feudal hierarchy, the Keishintō, a group of extremist Shinto former samurai, launch a surprise attack against the Meiji government in Kumamoto Prefecture.
Corrupt Tammany Hall leader William Magear Tweed (better known as Boss Tweed) is delivered to authorities in New York City after being captured in Spain.
American Indian Wars: In retaliation for the American defeat at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, United States Army troops sack the sleeping village of Cheyenne Chief Dull Knife at the headwaters of the Powder River.
First day of the Constantinople Conference which resulted in agreement for political reforms in the Balkans.
The Ashtabula River railroad disaster occurs, leaving 64 injured and 92 dead at Ashtabula, Ohio.
Crazy Horse and his warriors fight their last battle against the United States Cavalry at Wolf Mountain, Montana Territory.
The last day of the Constantinople Conference results in agreement for political reforms in the Balkans.
Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake receives its premiere at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow.
Just two days before inauguration, the U.S. Congress declares Rutherford B. Hayes the winner of the 1876 U.S. presidential election even though Samuel J. Tilden had won the popular vote.
First ever official cricket test match is played: Australia vs England at the MCG Stadium, in Melbourne, Australia.
American Indian Wars: Sitting Bull leads his band of Lakota into Canada to avoid harassment by the United States Army under Colonel Nelson Miles.
Chief Crazy Horse of the Oglala Lakota surrenders to United States troops in Nebraska.
At Gilmore's Gardens in New York City, the first Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show opens.
Mihail Kogălniceanu reads, in the Chamber of Deputies, the Declaration of Independence of Romania. The date will become recognised as the Independence Day of Romania.
The 16 May 1877 crisis occurs in France, ending with the dissolution of the National Assembly 22 June and affirming the interpretation of the Constitution of 1875 as a parliamentary rather than presidential system. The elections held in October 1877 led to the defeat of the royalists as a formal political movement in France.
American Indian Wars: Battle of White Bird Canyon: The Nez Perce defeat the U.S. Cavalry at White Bird Canyon in the Idaho Territory.
Alexander Graham Bell installs the world's first commercial telephone service in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
The then-villa of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, formally receives its city charter from the Royal Crown of Spain.
The Imperial Russian army under Grand Duke Nicholas defeats the Ottoman army and takes the city of Nikopol (modern Bulgaria).
After rioting by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers and the deaths of nine rail workers at the hands of the Maryland militia, workers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, stage a sympathy strike that is met with an assault by the state militia.
American Indian Wars: Battle of the Big Hole: A small band of Nez Percé Indians clash with the United States Army.
American Indian Wars: Oglala Sioux chief Crazy Horse is bayoneted by a United States soldier after resisting confinement in a guardhouse at Fort Robinson in Nebraska.
The Battle of Shiroyama is a decisive victory of the Imperial Japanese Army over the Satsuma Rebellion.
Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, a machine that can record and play sound.
Russo-Turkish War: The Russian Army captures Plevna after a 5-month siege. The garrison of 25,000 surviving Turks surrenders. The Russian victory is decisive for the outcome of the war and the Liberation of Bulgaria.
Russo-Turkish War (1877–78): Battle of Philippopolis: Captain Aleksandr Burago with a squadron of Russian Imperial army dragoons liberates Plovdiv from Ottoman rule.
Yale Daily News becomes the first independent daily college newspaper in the United States.
John Tunstall is murdered by outlaw Jesse Evans, sparking the Lincoln County War in Lincoln County, New Mexico.
The Russo-Turkish War ends with Bulgaria regaining its independence from the Ottoman Empire according to the Treaty of San Stefano.
Pope Leo XIII reestablishes the Catholic Church in Scotland, recreating sees and naming bishops for the first time since 1603.
Last issue of the Bulletin de la Fédération jurassienne, the first or one of the first anarchist newspapers.
The Senate of the Grand Duchy of Finland issues a declaration establishing a city of Kotka on the southern part islands from the old Kymi parish.
Hödel assassination attempt by anarchist Max Hödel targeting the German Kaiser, Wilhelm I.
The last witchcraft trial held in the United States begins in Salem, Massachusetts, after Lucretia Brown, an adherent of Christian Science, accused Daniel Spofford of attempting to harm her through his mental powers.
Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera H.M.S. Pinafore opens at the Opera Comique in London.
Nobiling assassination attempt by anarchist Karl Nobiling targeting the German Kaiser, Wilhelm I.
Cyprus Convention: The Ottoman Empire cedes Cyprus to the United Kingdom but retains nominal title.
League of Prizren is established, to oppose the decisions of the Congress of Berlin and the Treaty of San Stefano, as a consequence of which the Albanian lands in the Balkans were being partitioned and given to the neighbor states of Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, and Greece.
Start of the Congress of Berlin in which the major powers of Europe revise the Treaty of San Stefano, signed on March 3 the same year, that Russia had imposed on a defeated Ottoman Empire.
Treaty of Berlin: The European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania become completely independent of the Ottoman Empire.
Emma Nutt becomes the world's first female telephone operator when she is recruited by Alexander Graham Bell to the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company.
Over 640 die when the crowded pleasure boat Princess Alice collides with the Bywell Castle in the River Thames.
First assassination attempt against Umberto I of Italy by anarchist Giovanni Passannante, who was armed with a dagger. The King survived with a slight wound in an arm. Prime Minister Benedetto Cairoli blocked the aggressor, receiving an injury in a leg.
President Rutherford B. Hayes gets the first telephone installed in the White House.
Karl Benz, working in Mannheim, Germany, files for a patent on his first reliable two-stroke gas engine. He was granted the patent in 1879.
Anglo-Zulu War: the Battle of Rorke's Drift, just some 15 km (9.3 mi) away from Isandlwana, results in a British victory.
Sandford Fleming first proposes the adoption of Universal Standard Time at a meeting of the Royal Canadian Institute.
England's cricket team, led by Lord Harris, is attacked in a riot during a match in Sydney.
The War of the Pacific breaks out when the Chilean Army occupies the Bolivian port city of Antofagasta.
Women's rights: US President Rutherford B. Hayes signs a bill allowing female attorneys to argue cases before the Supreme Court of the United States.
In Utica, New York, Frank Woolworth opens the first of many of five-and-dime Woolworth stores.
Shō Tai formally abdicates his position of King of Ryūkyū, under orders from Tokyo, ending the Ryukyu Kingdom.
War of the Pacific: The Battle of Topáter, the first battle of the war, is fought between Chile and the joint forces of Bolivia and Peru.
Bolivia declares war on Chile, and Chile declares war on Peru, starting the War of the Pacific.
Fire burns down the second main building and dome of the University of Notre Dame, which prompts the construction of the third, and current, Main Building with its golden dome.
The first group of 463 Indian indentured laborers arrives in Fiji aboard the Leonidas.
War of the Pacific: Two Chilean ships blocking the harbor of Iquique (then belonging to Peru) battle two Peruvian vessels in the Battle of Iquique.
Russia and the United Kingdom sign the Treaty of Gandamak establishing an Afghan state.
Gilmore's Garden in New York City is renamed Madison Square Garden by William Henry Vanderbilt and is opened to the public at 26th Street and Madison Avenue.
The Zungeni Mountain skirmish takes place between British and Zulu forces during the second invasion of the Zulu Kingdom.
Charles Taze Russell publishes the first edition of the religious magazine The Watchtower.
Anglo-Zulu War: The Zululand capital of Ulundi is captured by British troops and burned to the ground, ending the war and forcing King Cetshwayo to flee.
Sailing ship USS Jeannette departs San Francisco carrying an ill-fated expedition to the North Pole.
The locals of Knock, County Mayo, Ireland report their having seen an apparition of the Virgin Mary. The apparition is later named "Our Lady of Knock" and the spot transformed into a Catholic pilgrimage site.
Siege of the British Residency in Kabul: British envoy Sir Louis Cavagnari and 72 men of the Guides are massacred by Afghan troops while defending the British Residency in Kabul. Their heroism and loyalty became famous and revered throughout the British Empire.
Germany and Austria-Hungary sign the "Twofold Covenant" and create the Dual Alliance.
War of the Pacific: The Chilean Navy defeats the Peruvian Navy in the Battle of Angamos.
Thomas Edison applies for a patent for his design for an incandescent light bulb.
Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical electric incandescent light bulb; the bulb lasted 131⁄2 hours before burning out.
War of the Pacific: Battle of Tarapacá: The confrontation between the Chilean Army and the Peruvian Army takes place in Tarapacá, the Peruvian victory is consummated with the death of the 2 generals and the capture the Chilean general in said place of battle, headed by the Peruvian victory of General Juan Buendía y Noregia.
the fictional character of Nora Helmer is first portrayed by Betty Hennings at a showing of A Doll's House at the Royal Danish Theatre.
Tay Bridge disaster: The central part of the Tay Rail Bridge in Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom collapses as a train passes over it, killing 75.
Thomas Edison demonstrates incandescent lighting to the public for the first time, in Menlo Park, New Jersey.
Source: Wikipedia date pages ("January 1" … "December 31") / CC BY-SA 4.0. Regions are assigned by the site editors.
Dates and events are based on Wikipedia and other references. Summaries and regions are written by the site editors.