September 14Birthdays & History

On this day: September 14 in history

Oldest first. Tap a year to see it on the World Chronicle timeline.

1. 81Domitian became Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus.Europe
2. 775Leo IV the Khazar becomes Byzantine Emperor following the death of his father Constantine V.Europe
3. 786"Night of the three Caliphs": Harun al-Rashid becomes the Abbasid caliph upon the death of his brother al-Hadi. Birth of Harun's son al-Ma'mun.Middle East
4. 919Battle of Islandbridge: High King Niall Glúndub is killed while leading an Irish coalition against the Vikings of Uí Ímair, led by King Sitric Cáech.Europe
5. 987Bardas Phokas the Younger rebels against Byzantine emperor Basil II and declares himself emperor.Europe
6. 1115Roger of Salerno's Crusader army defeats a numerically superior Seljuk army in the battle of SarminMiddle East
7. 1141An army of queen Matilda defeats and disperses an army of empress Matilda which was besieging Winchester. Robert of Gloucester is captured and exchanged for king Stephen, husband of queen Matilda.Europe
8. 1146Seljuk atabeg Imad al-Din Zengi of Mosul is assassinated by a slave and succeeded by his quarrelling sons.Middle East
9. 1180Genpei War: In the Battle of Ishibashiyama in Japan, the new military commander of the Minamoto clan, Minamoto no Yoritomo, is routed by Ōba Kagechika of the Taira clan.Asia
10. 1210Maria of Montferrat, Queen of Jerusalem, marries French baron John of Brienne, who is later crowned king on 30 October in Tyre.Middle EastEurope
11. 1226The first recorded instance of the Catholic practice of perpetual Eucharistic adoration formally begins in Avignon, France.Europe
12. 1402Battle of Homildon Hill: An invading Scottish army under Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany and Archibald, Earl Douglas is decimated by a contingent of 500 English archers under the command of George, Earl of March and Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland.Europe
13. 1682Bishop Gore School, one of the oldest schools in Wales, is founded.Europe
14. 1685Morean War: the Battle of Kalamata ends in a Venetian victory over the forces of the Ottoman Empire under the Kapudan Pasha.EuropeMiddle East
15. 1723Grand Master António Manoel de Vilhena lays down the first stone of Fort Manoel in Malta.Europe
16. 1741George Frideric Handel completes his oratorio Messiah.Europe
17. 1752The British Empire adopts the Gregorian calendar, skipping eleven days (the previous day was September 2).Europe
18. 1763Seneca warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Devil's Hole during Pontiac's War.Europe
19. 1782American Revolutionary War: Review of the French troops under General Rochambeau by General George Washington at Verplanck's Point, New York.North AmericaEurope
20. 1791The Papal States lose Avignon to Revolutionary France.Europe
21. 1808Finnish War: Russians defeat the Swedes at the Battle of Oravais.Europe
22. 1812Napoleonic Wars: The French Grande Armée enters Moscow. The Fire of Moscow begins as soon as Russian troops leave the city.Europe
23. 1814Battle of Baltimore: The poem Defence of Fort McHenry is written by Francis Scott Key. The poem is later used as the lyrics of The Star-Spangled Banner.North America
24. 1829The Ottoman Empire signs the Treaty of Adrianople with Russia, thus ending the Russo-Turkish War.Middle EastEurope
25. 1846Jang Bahadur and his brothers massacre about 40 members of the Nepalese palace court.Asia
26. 1862American Civil War: The Battle of South Mountain, part of the Maryland Campaign, is fought.North America
27. 1901U.S. president William McKinley dies after being mortally wounded on September 6 by anarchist Leon Czolgosz and is succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt.North America
28. 1911Russian Premier Pyotr Stolypin is shot by Dmitry Bogrov while attending a performance of Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tale of Tsar Saltan at the Kiev Opera House, in the presence of Tsar Nicholas II.Europe
29. 1914HMAS AE1, the Royal Australian Navy's first submarine, is lost at sea with all hands near East New Britain, Papua New Guinea.OceaniaEurope
30. 1917The Russian Empire is formally replaced by the Russian Republic.Europe
31. 1936Raoul Villain, who assassinated the French Socialist Jean Jaurès, is himself killed by Spanish Republicans in Ibiza.Europe
32. 1939World War II: The Estonian military boards the Polish submarine ORP Orzeł in Tallinn, sparking a diplomatic incident that the Soviet Union will later use to justify the annexation of Estonia.Europe
33. 1940Ip massacre: The Hungarian Army, supported by local Hungarians, kill 158 Romanian civilians in Ip, Sălaj, a village in Northern Transylvania, an act of ethnic cleansing.Europe
34. 1943World War II: The Wehrmacht starts a three-day retaliatory operation targeting several Greek villages in the region of Viannos, whose death toll would eventually exceed 500 persons.Europe
35. 1944World War II: Maastricht becomes the first Dutch city to be liberated by allied forces.Europe
36. 1948The Indian Army captures the city of Aurangabad as part of Operation Polo.Asia
37. 1954In a top secret nuclear test, a Soviet Tu-4 bomber drops a 40 kiloton atomic weapon just north of Totskoye village.Europe
38. 1958The first two German post-war rockets, designed by the German engineer Ernst Mohr, reach the upper atmosphere.Europe
39. 1960The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is founded.Middle East
40. 1960Congo Crisis: Mobutu Sese Seko seizes power in a military coup, suspending parliament and the constitution.Africa
41. 1975The first American saint, Elizabeth Ann Seton, is canonized by Pope Paul VI.North AmericaEurope
42. 1979Afghan leader Nur Muhammad Taraki is assassinated upon the order of Hafizullah Amin, who becomes the new General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party.Asia
43. 1982President-elect of Lebanon Bachir Gemayel is assassinated.Middle East
44. 1984Joe Kittinger becomes the first person to fly a gas balloon alone across the Atlantic Ocean.North AmericaEurope
45. 1985Penang Bridge, the longest bridge in Malaysia, connecting the island of Penang to the mainland, opens to traffic.Asia
46. 1989The Standard Gravure shooting where Joseph T. Wesbecker, a 47-year-old pressman, killed eight people and injured 12 people at his former workplace, Standard Gravure, before committing suicide.North America
47. 1992The Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina declares the breakaway Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia to be illegal.Europe
48. 1993Lufthansa Flight 2904, an Airbus A320, crashes into an embankment after overshooting the runway at Okęcie International Airport (now Warsaw Chopin Airport), killing two people.Europe
49. 1994The rest of the Major League Baseball season is canceled because of a strike.North America
50. 1997Eighty-one killed as five bogies of the Ahmedabad–Howrah Express plunge into a river in Bilaspur district of Madhya Pradesh, India.Asia
51. 1998Telecommunications companies MCI Communications and WorldCom complete their $37 billion merger to form MCI WorldCom.North America
52. 1999Kiribati, Nauru and Tonga join the United Nations.Oceania
53. 2000Microsoft releases Windows Me.North America
54. 2001Historic National Prayer Service held at Washington National Cathedral for victims of the September 11 attacks. A similar service is held in Canada on Parliament Hill, the largest vigil ever held in the nation's capital.North America
55. 2002Total Linhas Aéreas Flight 5561 crashes near Paranapanema, Brazil, killing both pilots on board.Latin America
56. 2003Bissau-Guinean President Kumba Ialá is ousted from power in a bloodless military coup led by General Veríssimo Correia Seabra.Africa
57. 2003In a referendum, Estonia approves joining the European Union.Europe
58. 2007Prelude to the 2008 financial crisis: Northern Rock bank experiences the first bank run in the United Kingdom in 150 years.Europe
59. 2008Aeroflot Flight 821, a Boeing 737-500, crashes into a section of the Trans-Siberian Railway while on approach to Perm International Airport, in Perm, Russia, killing all 88 people on board.Europe
60. 2015The first observation of gravitational waves is made, announced by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations on 11 February 2016.North AmericaEurope
61. 2019Yemen's Houthi rebels claim responsibility for an attack on Saudi Arabian oil facilities.Middle East
62. 2022Death of Queen Elizabeth II: The Queen's coffin is taken from Buckingham Palace, placed on a gun carriage of The King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery and moved in a procession to Westminster Hall for her lying in state over the next four days with the queue of mourners stretching for miles along the River Thames.Europe

Source: Wikipedia "September 14" / CC BY-SA 4.0