July 28Birthdays & History

On this day: July 28 in history

Oldest first. Tap a year to see it on the World Chronicle timeline.

1. 484Pope Felix III excommunicated patriarch Acacius of Constantinople for his support of the Henoticon and his support of the removal of patriarch John Talaia, leading to the Acacian schism.EuropeMiddle East
2. 1364Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina.Europe
3. 1402Ottoman-Timurid Wars: Battle of Ankara: Timur, ruler of Timurid Empire, defeats forces of the Ottoman Empire sultan Bayezid I.Middle EastAsia
4. 1540Thomas Cromwell is executed after having been condemned untried, using a bill of attainder which Cromwell had used against his opponents.Europe
5. 1540Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard.Europe
6. 1571La Laguna encomienda, known today as the Laguna province in the Philippines, is founded by the Spaniards as one of the oldest encomiendas (provinces) in the country.Asia
7. 1635Eighty Years' War: The Spanish capture the strategic Dutch fortress of Schenkenschans.Europe
8. 1656Second Northern War: Battle of Warsaw begins.Europe
9. 1778Constitution of the province of Cantabria ratified at the Assembly Hall in Bárcena la Puente, Reocín, Spain.Europe
10. 1794French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Antoine de Saint-Just are executed by guillotine in Paris, France.Europe
11. 1808Mahmud II became Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam.Middle East
12. 1809Peninsular War: Sir Arthur Wellesley's British, Portuguese and Spanish army repulse a French force led by Joseph Bonaparte in the Battle of Talavera.Europe
13. 1821José de San Martín declares the independence of Peru from Spain.Latin AmericaEurope
14. 1854USS Constellation (1854), the last all-sail warship built by the United States Navy and current museum ship in Baltimore Harbor, is commissioned.North America
15. 1864American Civil War: In the Battle of Ezra Church, Confederate troops make a third unsuccessful attempt under General John Bell Hood to prevent Union forces led by General William T. Sherman from approaching Atlanta, Georgia.North America
16. 1866At the age of 18, Vinnie Ream becomes the first and youngest female artist to receive a commission from the United States government for a statue (of Abraham Lincoln).North America
17. 1868The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is certified, establishing African American citizenship and guaranteeing due process of law.North AmericaAfrica
18. 1883A moderate earthquake measuring magnitude 4.3–5.2 strikes the Italian island of Ischia, killing over 2,300 people.Europe
19. 1896The city of Miami is incorporated.North America
20. 1911The Australasian Antarctic Expedition began as the SY Aurora departed London.Europe
21. 1914World War I: In the culmination of the July Crisis, Austria-Hungary declares war on the Kingdom of Serbia and begins the Great War.Europe
22. 1915The United States begins a 19-year occupation of Haiti.North AmericaLatin America
23. 1917Anti-lynching movement: The Silent Parade takes place in New York City, in protest against murders, lynchings, and other violence directed towards African Americans.North AmericaAfrica
24. 1932During the Great Depression, U.S. president Herbert Hoover orders the United States Army to forcibly evict the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans gathered in Washington, D.C.North America
25. 1935First flight of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress.North America
26. 1938Hawaii Clipper disappears between Guam and Manila as the first loss of an airliner in trans-Pacific China Clipper service.North AmericaOceaniaAsia
27. 1939The Sutton Hoo helmet is discovered.Europe
28. 1942World War II: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin issues Order No. 227. In response to alarming German advances, all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions without orders to do so are to be tried in a military court, with punishment ranging from duty in a shtrafbat battalion, imprisonment in a Gulag, or execution.Europe
29. 1943World War II: Operation Gomorrah: The Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg, Germany causing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians.Europe
30. 1945A U.S. Army B-25 bomber crashes into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building killing 14 and injuring 26.North America
31. 1957Heavy rain and a mudslide in Isahaya, western Kyushu, Japan, kills 992.Asia
32. 1960The German Volkswagen Act comes into force.Europe
33. 1962Beginning of the 8th World Festival of Youth and Students.Europe
34. 1965Vietnam War: U.S. president Lyndon B. Johnson announces his order to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000.AsiaNorth America
35. 1973Summer Jam at Watkins Glen: Nearly 600,000 people attend a rock festival at the Watkins Glen International Raceway.North America
36. 1974Spetsgruppa A, Russia's elite special force, was formed.Europe
37. 1976The Tangshan earthquake measuring between 7.8 and 8.2 moment magnitude flattens Tangshan in the People's Republic of China, killing 242,769 and injuring 164,851.Asia
38. 1984Olympic Games: Games of the XXIII Olympiad: The summer Olympics were opened in Los Angeles.North America
39. 1996The remains of a prehistoric man are discovered near Kennewick, Washington. Such remains will be known as the Kennewick Man.North America
40. 2001Australian Ian Thorpe becomes the first swimmer to win six gold medals at a single World Championship meeting.Oceania
41. 2002Nine coal miners trapped in the flooded Quecreek Mine in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, are rescued after 77 hours underground.North America
42. 2002Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 9560 crashes after takeoff from Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow, Russia, killing 14 of the 16 people on board.Europe
43. 2005The Provisional Irish Republican Army calls an end to its thirty-year-long armed campaign against British rule in Northern Ireland.Europe
44. 2010Airblue Flight 202 crashes into the Margalla Hills north of Islamabad, Pakistan, killing all 152 people aboard. It is the deadliest aviation accident in Pakistan history and the first involving an Airbus A321.Asia
45. 2011While flying from Seoul, South Korea to Shanghai, China, Asiana Airlines Flight 991 develops an in-flight fire in the cargo hold. The Boeing 747-400F freighter attempts to divert to Jeju International Airport, but crashes into the sea South-West of Jeju island, killing both crew members on board.Asia
46. 2017Nawaz Sharif was disqualified from office for life by Supreme Court of Pakistan after finding him guilty of corruption charges.Asia
47. 2018Australian Wendy Tuck becomes the first female skipper to win the Clipper Round the World Yacht Race.Oceania
48. 2022Catastrophic floods devastate Eastern Kentucky, resulting in 45 fatalities and causing damage to thousands of homes and businesses.North America

Source: Wikipedia "July 28" / CC BY-SA 4.0